1/2 cup shortening or margarine
1 cup brown sugar
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
1/2 cup chopped nuts
1/2 cup well-drained crushed pineapple
1 egg, beaten
1 cup whole wheat flour
1 cup flour
1 teaspoon soda
1 teaspoon salt
1. Cream the shortening and the sugar.
2. Add the beaten egg and vanilla.
3. Add the dry ingredients and mix.
4. Stir in the fruit and the nuts.
5. Drop by teaspoonful onto cookie sheet.
6. Bake for 7 minutes at 375 degrees.
Note: Chocolate chips, coconut, wheat germ, etc. can also be added.

Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks. These rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure. The heat and pressure is not quite enough to melt the rock, but it does cause the minerals in the rock to change in size or shape, or to combine with other minerals to form new or bigger minerals.

Objective: Students will be able to explain how metamorphic rocks form.

Materials:

• electric griddle or frying pan
• pancake mix (just-add-water type)
• water for the mix
• oil for the griddle
• plates and napkins, spatula
• assorted foods, some that melt and some that don't: raisins, coconut, marshmallows, nuts, chocolate chips, berries, etc.

Procedure:

1. Allow students to observe each of the ingredients (including the pancake mix) before you combine them. You may wish to have them record these observations in their science journal. Tell students that these ingredients represent the minerals of the rock.
2. Ask students what two factors are needed to form metamorphic rock (heat and pressure).
3. Combine the ingredients to make rock batter.
4. Place the completed rock batter onto the griddle and flatten with the spatula. The griddle represents heat and the flattening with the spatula represents pressure.
5. When finished cooking, place the metamorphic rock cakes on plates and allow students to observe them after they have cooled. Students can then record their answers to the questions listed below.
6. After observing the rock cakes, eat and enjoy!

Materials Required: 3 different colored starburst candies for each student
Activity Time: 5-10 minutes
Concepts Taught: Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure change the structure of sedimentary rock

Give each student 3 different colored starburst candies. Explain that the candies will be used to represent different layers in a sedimentary rock. Have the students un-wrap the candy and stack them one on top of the other. Ask the class for some observations about their "sedimentary rocks". Now have the students hold the candy stacks between their open palms. Instruct them to push their palms together slowly (make sure they don't twist their hands or smash the candy into a ball). While they are pushing, ask the class what forces they are applying to the candy (heat and pressure. After a few minutes have the students look at their candy. Ask the class for observations, how has the candy changed. Explain that metamorphic rocks are formed under these same conditions, where there is high heat and pressure. Then let them eat their "rocks" :)

Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks. These rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure. The heat and pressure are not quite enough to melt the rock, but they do cause the minerals in the rock to change in size or shape, or to combine with other minerals to form new or bigger minerals.

Objective: Students will be able to explain how metamorphic rocks form.

Materials:

• toothpicks
• paper plates
• cookie recipe:
  • 1 cup butter, softened
  • 1½ cup light brown sugar
  • ½ cup sugar
  • 2 eggs
  • 2 teaspoons vanilla
  • 2¼ cups flour
  • 1 teaspoon baking soda
  • ½ teaspoon baking powder
  • ½ teaspoon salt
  • 1 cup chocolate chips
  • 1 cup peanut butter chips
  • ¾ cup butterscotch chips
  • ½ cup nuts (your choice)
  • Directions: Preheat oven to 350° F. Cream butter and sugars. Beat in eggs and vanilla. Combine flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt, and gradually add to creamed mixture. Stir in chips and nuts. Place in spoonfuls on greased baking sheets. Bake 10-12 minutes.

Procedure:

1. Have students mix the cookie dough according to the recipe. Explain that the ingredients represent various sediments (small bits of rock) that they are combining to form sedimentary rock. By mixing, they are compacting the sediments. This particular type of sedimentary rock would be considered a conglomerate. It is made up of large sediments like sand and pebbles (the chips and nuts). The sediments are so large that pressure alone cannot hold the rock together, but they are cemented with dissolved minerals (the dough).
2. Ask students what will happen when you add heat to this mixture. Tell students that when sedimentary rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure, they become metamorphic rocks. The heat and pressure are not quite enough to melt the rock, but they do cause the minerals in the rock to change in size or shape. Some minerals may be flattened, while others combine with surrounding minerals to form new or bigger minerals. While you will not be adding pressure to the cookies, you are adding heat with the oven. Spoon the dough onto the cookie sheets and bake.
3. When the metamorphic "rocks" are done, place them on a plate and ask students to "mine" them with toothpicks.